Posts Tagged ‘Decree Absolute’

The matrimonial home and bankruptcy

Tuesday, July 27th, 2010

Cohen Cramer Solicitors LeedsThe bankruptcy of a spouse can have a catastrophic effect upon the ancillary relief claims of the other spouse.  In this article, it is assumed that it is the husband who is made the subject of a bankruptcy order, and we examine the effect upon the wife’s ancillary relief claim.  However, the same would apply if it were the wife’s bankruptcy and the husband was seeking ancillary relief.

Where there is a possibility that a husband could be made bankrupt, the advice to the wife is to try to reach an early settlement of ancillary relief proceedings and to effect any transfer of property before bankruptcy.  Even if the transfer has not been put into place by the time the husband is made bankrupt, as long as decree absolute has been pronounced and the time limit under the Order for the husband to transfer the property has expired, the property will belong to the wife.  However, if the bankruptcy petition against the husband had been issued before the ancillary relief order had been made then under Section 284 of the Insolvency Act 1986, any disposition by a person later made bankrupt made after the issue of a bankruptcy petition is void.

The wife is therefore safe if an ancillary relief order has been made and a transfer of the property pursuant to a court order has taken effect.  The exception to this would be if there was any collusion, fraud or material non-disclosure by the wife.  In such cases, a trustee in bankruptcy may be entitled to have the ancillary relief order and transfer set aside.  Any settlement must therefore be a genuine resolution of ancillary relief claims.

What would happen if the ancillary relief order provided for the former matrimonial home to remain in joint names but subject to a later sale?  This situation could arise where it had been agreed or the wife had been allowed to remain in the matrimonial home for as long as she liked unless she re-married.  Unfortunately for the wife in this situation, a trustee in bankruptcy can apply to Court for an order that the property be sold unless there are exceptional circumstances.  If the home had been transferred into the wife’s sole name with the charge back in the husband’s favour the trustee would struggle to enforce this charge before the events triggering sale as specified in the charge.

Where the trustee has an interest in a property which used to be the matrimonial home, the trustee has 3 years from the date of the bankruptcy order to take steps to realize his interest.  If a trustee doesn’t take steps within this time frame then his interest reverts back to the bankrupt.

For further information, contact  Cohen Cramer Solicitors family law department here or for further information, contact Cohen Cramer Solicitors on 0113 244 0597 or visit www.cohencramer.co.uk

The ‘Get’ explained

Tuesday, July 20th, 2010

Cohen Cramer Solicitors LeedsObtaining a Get is considered a very important part of the divorce procedure by the Jewish community.  A Get is a Jewish divorce document that acknowledges that the marriage has been terminated.  The Get only applies to marriages in England and to marriages conducted by synagogues.  Therefore a couple who marry in a register office or marriage outside of England will not be able to make use of it.  It is not possible to remarry in an orthodox synagogue without obtaining a Get.

To obtain a Get, each spouse must be living at different addresses and they both must consent to the Get.  The Get must be obtained from the Court of Jewish Religious Law (Beth Din).

The Beth Din invites both spouses to attend interviews, where specific information is exchanged.  The husband takes a prominent role and instructs the Scribe to write the Get.  The essential text of the Get is: “You are hereby permitted to all men” i.e: the wife is no longer a married woman and the laws of adultery no longer apply.

The Get is approved and signed and witnessed.  In the presence of the witnesses, the wife is then asked whether she is willing to receive the Get.  If she is, the husband recites words which indicate that he has in hands a Get which will be given to the wife, receipt of which will free her from the marriage.  The Get is then placed in the wife’s hand.  The wife then holds the Get above her head.  She then tucks the Get into her pocket and turns away from her husband as a sign that she has asserted her independence from him.  The wife then hands back the Get so that it can be checked again.  The process is then completed.

Both spouses are given certificates written in English and Hebrew, stating that the Get has been duly executed and that they are free to remarry under Jewish law.  However, a period of 92 days must elapse before remarrying.

Where possible, the Jewish divorce should be dealt with within the same time frame as the civil proceedings.

Problems can arise for the wife if she has committed adultery before obtaining a Get.  She and her new partner will not be able to remarry each other in an orthodox synagogue.  This is particularly so where a husband has issued a divorce petition based upon the wife’s adultery as in the event the adultery is admitted this will provide evidence of her sexual relationship before divorce.  It is not unusual for one party to try and use the Get as a tool to make unreasonable demands of each other.

Therefore, it is more common nowadays for a party to rely upon the Divorce (Religious Marriages) Act 2002.  Under this Act, an application can be made to the Court for the civil divorce not to be granted until the Get has been obtained.  The application can only be submitted once Decree Nisi has been granted.  The Court then has discretion to delay the making of the Decree Absolute until the spouses have first obtained the Get.  The Court will make such an Order where it is “satisfied that in all the circumstances of the case it is just and reasonable to do so”.

For further information, contact  Cohen Cramer Solicitors family law department here or for further information, contact Cohen Cramer Solicitors on 0113 244 0597 or visit www.cohencramer.co.uk